All Articles
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes
Using arc discharge evaporation method, S. Iijima in 1991 reported a preparation of new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes …
Material that can Heal Itself
The advent of highly deformable and healable electronics is exciting and promising for next-generation electronic devices and the search have hyped in recent …
Einstein Summation Convention, The Kronecker, and Levi-Civita Symbols
For the convenient notation, Einstein, in 1916, developed the following notation scheme when manipulating expressions involving vectors, matrices, or tensors …
Vector Identities in Cartesian (Rectangular) Coordinate System
To describe any physical quantity like velocity and acceleration that mostly describe the nature of path of particle in space we need to assign a coordinate …
Material That Can Change Shape from Flexible to Rigid
There is no doubt that the development and engineering of materials could lead us to the next phase of evolution. They could have direct …
Application of Gauss’s Law: Finding the Electric Field outside a Uniformly Charged Solid Sphere of Radius ‘R’ and Total Charge ‘q’
Gauss’s law says that for this surface (for Gaussian surface) the electric field 𝐸 through any closed surface S (a Gaussian surface) is equal to the net charge enclosed (Q𝑒𝑛𝑐)divided by the permittivity of free space(𝜖0)
At last, Atomic Structure of a Glass have been Imaged
Understanding the chemical element and 3D location of atoms in materials have been always at the forefront in the field of material science. The atomic …
Radioactive Decay; Alpha Decay
Matters are made up of atoms and atoms are made up of a nucleus containing most of the mass, and of electrons. The nucleus is a bound state of protons and …
XRD Working and Application
X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is a non-destructive rapid analytical technique that is primarily used to determine the crystallographic structure of a material and …
Entry, Descent, and Landing Technologies for Mars Exploration
Range Trigger: It's hard to land on Mars, and even harder to land a rover precisely on scientifically rich locations the science team wants to study, and …
MOXIE and Ingenuity Helicopter for Mars Exploration
The helicopter is designed to provide overhead images with approximately ten times the resolution of orbital images and would.....
What is Causing Martian Landslide?
The results demonstrate that interactions of sulfates and chlorine salts in fine-grained soils on Mars could absorb water....
Simple Random Walk Problem in One Dimension (Statistical Mechanics)
We will be concerned to obtain the probability of finding a randomly moving particle at a particular point on its track. Let a drunk starts from point A …
Challenges on Life on Venus
On 14 September 2020, a paper published in the journal nature astronomy reporting the apparent presence of phosphine (PH3) gas in Venus’s atmosphere. If …
Ionizing Detectors Based on Scintillation
Ionizing radiation causes neutral atoms or molecules to acquire either a positive or negative electrical charge. The most commonly known types of ionizing …
We’re Finally Going to Hear What Mars Sounds Like
Technological revolution replicated much of the human sensory experience and so the Mars exploration can not remain untouched. Many consider that the various …
CNO Cycle
Almost all star radiates energy by the process of fusion reaction and there are two fusion reaction types known till; CNO ( carbon-nitrogen–oxygen) and p-p …
Solid Phosphorus Found in Comets Signifying they Contain All the Raw Elements for Life
But how is phosphorus important for biological life? and here lies the answer; in the process of forming life, water-soluble reactive......
Recent Neutrino Detection Proves the Sun is Undergoing a Second Kind of Fusion in its Core
Energy at the core our sun is not only produced by pp chain but also by CNO cycle, indicating a second type of fusion in its core. Stars are …
Astronomer Witnessed a Planet System Being Born by an Unprecendent Way
This false-colour image shows the filaments of accretion around the protostar [BHB2007] 1. The large structures are inflows of molecular gas (CO) nurturing …